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foro nació para ofrecer un espacio singular de pensamiento y deliberación ética sobre los fundamentos del liderazgo responsable de nuestras élites en un contexto de creciente complejidad: innovación exponencial, desinformación, polarización y una crisis profunda de autoridad moral en instituciones públicas y privadas. Tras tres ediciones, se ha consolidado como una comunidad estable de 30–40 líderes empresariales, altos funcionarios y miembros de la sociedad civil con una inquietud humanista y un compromiso explícito con el fortalecimiento de la democracia liberal.",{"_38":592,"_40":593},[],{"_42":43,"_44":594,"_46":587,"_48":595,"_50":596,"_52":597,"_54":55},"yHerUTN1",{},[],"En cada sesión reunimos a dos ponentes de reconocido prestigio y a esta comunidad de deliberantes para trabajar, a través del método Do the Right Think, cuestiones críticas para el buen juicio en la toma de decisiones y la gobernanza.",{"_38":599,"_40":600},[],{"_42":43,"_44":601,"_46":587,"_48":602,"_50":603,"_52":604,"_54":55},"8knU0PY2",{},[],"A continuación, lee la descripción del método Ethos y la Política de deliberación pública de Ethosfera.",{"_38":606,"_40":607},[],{"_42":75,"_44":608,"_46":587,"_48":609,"_50":610,"_52":55,"_54":611},"ZY98Gs5M",{"_79":80},[],"hm://z6MktVp5dhtDpWgGJYBHq8yabM1EbaXEpKn8uVk3tvEoUuUb/mejores-empresas-mejor-democracia/do-the-right-think",{"_38":613,"_40":614},[],{"_42":75,"_44":615,"_46":587,"_48":616,"_50":617,"_52":55,"_54":618},"GQ0pOe2r",{"_79":80},[],"hm://z6MktVp5dhtDpWgGJYBHq8yabM1EbaXEpKn8uVk3tvEoUuUb/mejores-empresas-mejor-democracia/politica-de-la-deliberacion-publica-de-ethosfera",{"_42":84,"_44":620,"_46":587,"_48":621,"_50":622,"_52":623,"_54":55},"gtS_kT6o",{"_87":88},[],"Introducción al método deliberativo de Ethosfera",{"_38":625,"_40":658},[626,650],{"_38":627,"_40":645},[628,635],{"_38":629,"_40":630},[],{"_42":43,"_44":631,"_46":587,"_48":632,"_50":633,"_52":634,"_54":55},"kE5iTapu",{},[],"En esta cuarta edición analizamos el impacto ético de la inteligencia artificial desde tres miradas complementarias: ingenieros, CEOs y consejeros en conversación con filósofos.",{"_38":636,"_40":637},[],{"_42":386,"_44":638,"_46":639,"_48":640,"_50":643,"_52":55,"_54":644},"GDwhGHl6","bafy2bzacecekudckt4xgvjugysokuupwl6hcjxm2yzcraurg5xuoh2o7snupc",{"_87":88,"_142":641,"_390":642},"Programa","flex-start",[],"https://ethosfera.org/memd-iv/",{"_42":84,"_44":646,"_46":587,"_48":647,"_50":648,"_52":649,"_54":55},"wGhKAoek",{"_87":88},[],"Miradas del impacto de la IA en las empresas y la democracia ",{"_38":651,"_40":652},[],{"_42":75,"_44":653,"_46":654,"_48":655,"_50":656,"_52":55,"_54":657},"FC7gU3zw","bafy2bzacedcc37iykabrdfs6kb27zmoh73o52hub7wsh7zagroachq5efuy6c",{"_79":80},[],"hm://z6MktVp5dhtDpWgGJYBHq8yabM1EbaXEpKn8uVk3tvEoUuUb/mejores-empresas-mejor-democracia/iv-edicion",{"_42":84,"_44":659,"_46":660,"_48":661,"_50":662,"_52":663,"_54":55},"aerhosVD","bafy2bzacebvgzw6svzyce2p5xs53jiwzk3cb2wtc2ft33xhnvxacbi7fxybhq",{"_87":88},[],"Cuarta edición",{"_38":665,"_40":687},[666,673,680],{"_38":667,"_40":668},[],{"_42":43,"_44":669,"_46":468,"_48":670,"_50":671,"_52":672,"_54":55},"EY8RG67r",{},[],"En la III Edición de Mejores Empresas, Mejor Democracia ... 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La última década ha estado marcada por el uso indebido de datos, la piratería informática y las malas prácticas corporativas. Expertos en el campo de la ética en la tecnología han señalado que los esfuerzos iniciales por establecer la ética digital han fracasado. Las directrices actuales, como las Directrices éticas para una inteligencia artificial fiable de la Comisión Europea, han sido criticadas por ser \"tibias, miopes y deliberadamente vagas\", en gran parte debido a la falta de especialistas en ética profesional y al exceso de representantes de la industria (Véliz, 2019). ",{"_42":84,"_44":813,"_46":791,"_48":814,"_50":815,"_52":816,"_54":55},"zTXKJlnz",{"_87":88},[],"1. Una disciplina en construcción: los límites de la ética digital",{"_38":818,"_40":826},[819],{"_38":820,"_40":821},[],{"_42":43,"_44":822,"_46":791,"_48":823,"_50":824,"_52":825,"_54":55},"DM8S9a_W",{},[],"Algunos prefieren no esperar a las instituciones reguladoras y piensan que deberían ser las propias empresas las que se autorregulen. Sin embargo, los esfuerzos de las empresas por establecer principios internos, aunque deseables, están intrínsecamente impulsados por intereses privados y pueden ser demasiado vagos o modificarse de forma subrepticia.",{"_42":84,"_44":827,"_46":791,"_48":828,"_50":829,"_52":830,"_54":55},"vzARcufK",{"_87":88},[],"2. Autorregulación corporativa: entre la buena voluntad y el interés privado",{"_38":832,"_40":888},[833,840,860,874],{"_38":834,"_40":835},[],{"_42":43,"_44":836,"_46":808,"_48":837,"_50":838,"_52":839,"_54":55},"ZYdkWFzV",{},[],"Los sistemas de IA están generando actualmente profundas perturbaciones sociales (Cordero, 2022). La tecnología actual afecta el ocio, la economía, el trabajo, las sociedades, la administración, los servicios públicos y la política. Además, influye la manera en que tomamos decisiones, formamos nuestros juicios y preferencias y ejercemos nuestros derechos. Dado que la IA se está integrando en múltiples ámbitos de la vida cotidiana, es importante analizar las áreas en las que las decisiones de ingeniería se cruzan con la ética. ",{"_38":841,"_40":855},[842],{"_38":843,"_40":844},[],{"_42":43,"_44":845,"_46":791,"_48":846,"_50":847,"_52":854,"_54":55},"5NUN7QRt",{},[848],{"_42":291,"_284":849,"_286":851,"_48":853,"_54":55},[850],67,[852],88,{},"Una de estas áreas es la de los datos utilizados para entrenar los large language models. Cuando los sistemas de IA se entrenan con datos históricos, corren el riesgo de reproducir y amplificar los sesgos humanos existentes. Un ejemplo de ello es cuando Amazon utilizó la IA en su proceso de contratación y esta aprendió a discriminar sistemáticamente a las mujeres porque los datos de referencia con los que se entrenó mostraban que los hombres tenían más probabilidades de ser contratados. Casos como estos no son ejemplos de fallos algorítmicos o técnicos, sino que el problema radica en los seres humanos y en las decisiones que tomaron durante el desarrollo de la IA.",{"_42":84,"_44":856,"_46":791,"_48":857,"_50":858,"_52":859,"_54":55},"r9JbUAM9",{"_87":88},[],"Los sesgos en los datos: cuando el problema no es técnico, sino humano",{"_38":861,"_40":869},[862],{"_38":863,"_40":864},[],{"_42":43,"_44":865,"_46":808,"_48":866,"_50":867,"_52":868,"_54":55},"Sd5LsRVh",{},[],"Las decisiones que rigen el funcionamiento de un sistema de IA están intrínsecamente cargadas de valores. El modelo de datos, las opciones de muestreo y la métrica de rendimiento (criterios de optimización) que el sistema utiliza para evaluar sus propias decisiones no son elecciones puramente técnicas o científicas, sino decisiones \"políticas\". Estos elementos influyen en el resultado y, aunque parecen técnicos, son ajenos a los propios algoritmos (Cordero, 2022).",{"_42":84,"_44":870,"_46":791,"_48":871,"_50":872,"_52":873,"_54":55},"Xv5rSFRo",{"_87":88},[],"La dimensión política de las decisiones técnicas",{"_38":875,"_40":883},[876],{"_38":877,"_40":878},[],{"_42":43,"_44":879,"_46":791,"_48":880,"_50":881,"_52":882,"_54":55},"ebRA0ZdE",{},[],"Uno de los retos para los desarrolladores de IA es dotar a los sistemas de un marco moral o una jerarquía de valores que puedan utilizar como referencia a la hora de responder a preguntas con implicaciones éticas. En el caso de OpenAI, Sam Altman no ha podido explicar de forma transparente qué tipo de marco moral utiliza el algoritmo ni quién es el responsable de desarrollarlo. Es esencial que esta información sea transparente para garantizar la confianza de los usuarios de los modelos. OpenAI tiene una \"Model Spec\" que contiene un conjunto de reglas para sus herramientas de IA, sin embargo, en el mismo documento afirman que no está actualizado y que el documento disponible actualmente no refleja el estado de los modelos actuales. ",{"_42":84,"_44":884,"_46":791,"_48":885,"_50":886,"_52":887,"_54":55},"hX1TpHev",{"_87":88},[],"La necesidad de transparencia moral en los sistemas de IA",{"_42":84,"_44":889,"_46":791,"_48":890,"_50":891,"_52":892,"_54":55},"Skh8grud",{"_87":88},[],"3. La inteligencia artificial como fuerza transformadora de la sociedad según Cordero Fuertes",{"_38":894,"_40":944},[895,902,916,930],{"_38":896,"_40":897},[],{"_42":43,"_44":898,"_46":791,"_48":899,"_50":900,"_52":901,"_54":55},"prLFWhbp",{},[],"Dado que la ética digital es un campo nuevo y en constante evolución, Carissa Véliz sugiere que quienes desarrollan directrices éticas para el uso de la tecnología tomen como referencia la ética médica, ya que esta contiene un marco bien establecido y de confianza. ",{"_38":903,"_40":911},[904],{"_38":905,"_40":906},[],{"_42":43,"_44":907,"_46":791,"_48":908,"_50":909,"_52":910,"_54":55},"3Xewawvo",{},[],"La primera recomendación es que la ética digital desarrolle códigos análogos al Código de Núremberg o la Declaración de Helsinki. Estos códigos son necesarios para establecer puntos de referencia para las buenas prácticas. Para que un código de ética digital tenga autoridad moral en todo el sector, debe ser el resultado de la deliberación de un organismo legítimo, independiente y neutral centrado en el interés público, y no únicamente en los intereses de las empresas privadas. La implementación exitosa de dichos códigos apunta a la necesidad de profesionalizar los trabajos tecnológicos, como los de los informáticos e ingenieros, exigiéndoles altos estándares éticos cuyo incumplimiento podría dar lugar a la suspensión o expulsión.",{"_42":84,"_44":912,"_46":791,"_48":913,"_50":914,"_52":915,"_54":55},"oKmp2rnN",{"_87":88},[],"La creación de códigos de conducta y la profesionalización del sector tecnológico",{"_38":917,"_40":925},[918],{"_38":919,"_40":920},[],{"_42":43,"_44":921,"_46":791,"_48":922,"_50":923,"_52":924,"_54":55},"0YlZHw8u",{},[],"A continuación, recomienda que todas las empresas tecnológicas creen un comité de ética, similar a los que suelen existir en los hospitales. Estos comités deben desempeñar tres funciones clave: la formación del personal y la comunidad; la elaboración y revisión de políticas; y el asesoramiento ético caso por caso. Es fundamental que estos comités tengan la facultad de bloquear proyectos claramente contrarios a la ética y que sean relativamente independientes de la empresa que supervisan.",{"_42":84,"_44":926,"_46":791,"_48":927,"_50":928,"_52":929,"_54":55},"2MUcWPcH",{"_87":88},[],"Comités de ética en las empresas tecnológicas",{"_38":931,"_40":939},[932],{"_38":933,"_40":934},[],{"_42":43,"_44":935,"_46":791,"_48":936,"_50":937,"_52":938,"_54":55},"8D6klA5O",{},[],"Por último, los proyectos digitales éticos deben respetar la autonomía individual, es decir, la capacidad de actuar de acuerdo con los propios motivos y elegir los propios valores. Este principio representa un alejamiento del paternalismo, al reconocer que las decisiones tecnológicas están cargadas de valores, al igual que las decisiones médicas. La tecnología debe ayudar a los usuarios a alcanzar sus objetivos, en lugar de emplear tecnologías persuasivas que pongan en peligro su atención y su voluntad.",{"_42":84,"_44":940,"_46":791,"_48":941,"_50":942,"_52":943,"_54":55},"YKiE99rB",{"_87":88},[],"La autonomía del usuario como principio rector",{"_42":84,"_44":945,"_46":791,"_48":946,"_50":947,"_52":948,"_54":55},"RGYZ8iop",{"_87":88},[],"4. Carisa Véliz: Inspiración en la ética médica: hacia un marco de referencia sólido",{"_38":950,"_40":964},[951],{"_38":952,"_40":953},[],{"_42":43,"_44":954,"_46":791,"_48":955,"_50":956,"_52":963,"_54":55},"cm0ey086",{},[957],{"_42":291,"_284":958,"_286":960,"_48":962,"_54":55},[959],492,[961],528,{},"El profesor Fontrodona analiza la incorporación de estándares éticos en el ámbito empresarial. Observa que la adopción de la IA en sectores económicos y laborales avanza más lentamente que en áreas como el entretenimiento o la eficiencia, debido a las preocupaciones por la privacidad y el riesgo reputacional. Ante estas dificultades, las empresas recurren cada vez más a certificaciones y estándares elaborados por expertos para garantizar la conformidad ética de sus sistemas. La reciente Ley de IA de la Unión Europea (2024) representa un paso crucial hacia la regulación responsable, pero Fontrodona advierte que la regulación no basta por sí sola: debe complementarse con el desarrollo de competencias morales entre diseñadores, implementadores y usuarios de la IA. Solo así podrá consolidarse una cultura ética que acompañe el progreso tecnológico. ",{"_42":84,"_44":965,"_46":791,"_48":966,"_50":967,"_52":968,"_54":55},"K1PMWoXW",{"_87":88},[],"5. Ética y empresa: la mirada de Joan Fontrodona",{"_42":84,"_44":970,"_46":791,"_48":971,"_50":972,"_52":973,"_54":55},"K3osbNQs",{"_87":88},[],"Síntesis de las lecturas",{"_38":975,"_40":1037},[976,995,1009,1023],{"_38":977,"_40":990},[978],{"_38":979,"_40":980},[],{"_42":981,"_44":982,"_46":983,"_48":984,"_50":988,"_52":55,"_54":989},"File","zZ0vVSOk","bafy2bzacebxry5ch5yqth3o2fljkdt77xszxfsu4wssmmjxsf7ez7qibevrdy",{"_87":88,"_985":986,"_142":987},"size",1346721,"Dialnet-UnaEticaParaLaInteligenciaArtificial-9287113 (3).pdf",[],"ipfs://bafybeierjomy7onewku2rkqc72ub6fohztrzolvzwvjrtnrponym2hbu5a",{"_42":43,"_44":991,"_46":791,"_48":992,"_50":993,"_52":994,"_54":55},"mn7-GJDH",{"_87":88},[],"\"Una ética para la inteligencia artificial: libertad, feminismo y ecologismo\", Lucía Ortiz de Zárate",{"_38":996,"_40":997},[],{"_42":43,"_44":998,"_46":791,"_48":999,"_50":1000,"_52":1008,"_54":55},"30Ji1Qpp",{},[1001],{"_42":355,"_284":1002,"_286":1004,"_48":1006,"_54":1007},[1003],95,[1005],171,{},"https://www.epizeuxis.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cordero-claves280-1.pdf","\"Enseñar a aprender a las máquinas: mito, tecnología y política\", Juan Antonio Cordero Fuertes https://www.epizeuxis.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cordero-claves280-1.pdf",{"_38":1010,"_40":1011},[],{"_42":43,"_44":1012,"_46":791,"_48":1013,"_50":1014,"_52":1022,"_54":55},"s9kamAaA",{},[1015],{"_42":355,"_284":1016,"_286":1018,"_48":1020,"_54":1021},[1017],52,[1019],132,{},"https://www.iese.edu/es/insight/articulos/inteligencia-artificial-etica-empresa/","\"Hacia una IA ética en la empresa\", Joan Fontrodona https://www.iese.edu/es/insight/articulos/inteligencia-artificial-etica-empresa/",{"_38":1024,"_40":1025},[],{"_42":43,"_44":1026,"_46":791,"_48":1027,"_50":1028,"_52":1036,"_54":55},"ZUqbKprQ",{},[1029],{"_42":355,"_284":1030,"_286":1032,"_48":1034,"_54":1035},[1031],75,[1033],134,{},"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3438518","\"Three things digital ethics can learn from medical ethics\", Carissa Véliz https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3438518",{"_42":84,"_44":1038,"_46":791,"_48":1039,"_50":1041,"_52":1042,"_54":55},"p7iP__8s",{"_87":1040},"Ordered",[],"Referencias:","bafy2bzaceaf364idzsnvznggknw2jl5fmfdtyhak7rwanidtskgkjqioljtoy",[131],"/mejores-empresas-mejor-democracia/memd-iv-sesion-1/materiales-para-la-sesion","2025-11-12T17:43:09.514Z","2026-01-08T12:16:53.940Z",{"_142":1049,"_146":1050},"Materiales para la sesión","ipfs://bafybeiftsxbjtcwfjlgrg3i2qjqbglgzu3quba6hoglflhs4t54rci5e3y",{},"bafy2bzacec45tlol7hmtzpi2wl33vpwyz3eeuefhhancjquh5bcbnjsgajxhs",{"_150":1052,"_154":455},{"_44":82,"_165":131,"_134":1055,"_128":-5,"_167":-5,"_168":-5,"_169":-5,"_170":1058,"_164":6},[161,1056,1057],"memd-iv-sesion-1","materiales-para-la-sesion","hm",1777394006877,[260,82,-5,6],"[\"ENTITY\",\"hm://z6MktVp5dhtDpWgGJYBHq8yabM1EbaXEpKn8uVk3tvEoUuUb/mejores-empresas-mejor-democracia/memd-iv-sesion-1/materiales-para-la-sesion\",null,true]",{"_180":1063,"_258":1125,"_261":1126},{"_182":1064,"_242":243,"_244":1124,"_246":-5,"_247":248,"_249":248,"_250":248,"_251":-5,"_252":-5,"_253":31,"_254":255,"_256":257},{"_42":33,"_33":1065,"_44":1121},{"_35":1066,"_128":1111,"_130":131,"_132":1112,"_134":1113,"_136":1114,"_138":1115,"_140":1116,"_148":1119,"_150":1073,"_152":1120,"_156":157},[1067],{"_38":1068,"_40":1106},[1069,1077,1085,1092,1099],{"_38":1070,"_40":1071},[],{"_42":43,"_44":1072,"_46":1073,"_48":1074,"_50":1075,"_52":1076,"_54":55},"riVDfxjz","bafy2bzacea2dl5kkwlstl3jjealbl26e3eeqp2eszfoe5bs5zwjqu6vuhcwmk",{},[],"¿Qué problemas morales o ético políticos plantea la tecnología y la IA?",{"_38":1078,"_40":1079},[],{"_42":43,"_44":1080,"_46":1081,"_48":1082,"_50":1083,"_52":1084,"_54":55},"FzJiItXb","bafy2bzacecmyohsje2wxduujewsui77eyherl3ovwlzldqjwlod45tgfjd2w4",{},[],"¿De qué forma crees que la formación en humanidades podría hacer más ética la tecnología? ",{"_38":1086,"_40":1087},[],{"_42":43,"_44":1088,"_46":1081,"_48":1089,"_50":1090,"_52":1091,"_54":55},"fpxc-Q5d",{},[],"Atendiendo a tu concepción del progreso humano ¿Cualquier mejora en la IA y la tecnología la consideras como un progreso?",{"_38":1093,"_40":1094},[],{"_42":43,"_44":1095,"_46":1081,"_48":1096,"_50":1097,"_52":1098,"_54":55},"hxB8GhGd",{},[],"¿Para qué consideras que puede ser útil utilizar la IA en tu organización? ",{"_38":1100,"_40":1101},[],{"_42":43,"_44":1102,"_46":1081,"_48":1103,"_50":1104,"_52":1105,"_54":55},"DoZyKnjK",{},[],"A la luz de la ponencia que acabamos de escuchar, ¿cómo visualizas el impacto que va a tener la IA en el futuro de nuestra sociedad y de nuestra democracia?",{"_42":43,"_44":1107,"_46":1081,"_48":1108,"_50":1109,"_52":1110,"_54":55},"ENNixmeo",{"_87":1040},[],"Estas preguntas se utilizaron para guiar la deliberación de los participantes en el foro Mejores Empresas, Mejor Democracia. Le invitamos a responder a las preguntas en la sección de comentarios, con el fin de continuar aquí la conversación sobre la ética en la IA.","bafy2bzacebdvy2fq3sumxjd2hhwkifxup2opl7r2wxt3cje7c34arfhwgw4na",[131],"/mejores-empresas-mejor-democracia/memd-iv-sesion-1/preguntas-para-la-deliberacion-1","2025-11-14T14:14:21.969Z","2026-01-08T12:18:13.314Z",{"_142":1117,"_146":1118},"Preguntas para la deliberación","ipfs://bafybeibub7z7szcsloofod4pijjzbf2jevd4etaxzjpowu2vfp2unebewa",{},{"_150":1073,"_154":455},{"_44":122,"_165":131,"_134":1122,"_128":-5,"_167":-5,"_168":-5,"_169":-5,"_170":1058,"_164":6},[161,1056,1123],"preguntas-para-la-deliberacion-1",1777394006874,[260,122,-5,6],"[\"ENTITY\",\"hm://z6MktVp5dhtDpWgGJYBHq8yabM1EbaXEpKn8uVk3tvEoUuUb/mejores-empresas-mejor-democracia/memd-iv-sesion-1/preguntas-para-la-deliberacion-1\",null,true]",{"_180":1128,"_258":1133,"_261":1135},{"_182":1129,"_242":243,"_244":1124,"_246":-5,"_247":248,"_249":248,"_250":248,"_251":-5,"_252":-5,"_253":31,"_254":255,"_256":257},{"_42":130,"_44":1130,"_140":1132},{"_128":329,"_165":131,"_44":457,"_134":1131,"_167":-5,"_168":-5,"_169":-5,"_170":-5},[],{"_142":425,"_426":172,"_146":427,"_428":429,"_430":431,"_144":-5},[1134,131],"ACCOUNT","[\"ACCOUNT\",\"z6MktVp5dhtDpWgGJYBHq8yabM1EbaXEpKn8uVk3tvEoUuUb\"]","ssrContentHTML","

En esta ocasión, abordamos las implicaciones morales, políticas y humanas del desarrollo tecnológico y la inteligencia artificial. La sesión propone examinar qué problemas éticos y de justicia plantea la tecnología contemporánea, hasta qué punto la formación en humanidades puede hacerla más humana y responsable, y si todo avance tecnológico puede considerarse realmente un progreso desde la perspectiva del desarrollo integral del ser humano.

El propósito de la sesión fue fortalecer el juicio moral de ingenieros, directivos y decisores en un contexto en el que la tecnología —como gran burocracia de nuestro tiempo— tiende a diluir la responsabilidad individual. A través de la deliberación ética, reflexionamos sobre el papel del ingeniero como habilitador, el impacto cognitivo y educativo de la inteligencia artificial, sus consecuencias sobre la política y la cohesión social, y las nuevas formas de concentración de poder que emergen con cada revolución tecnológica.

Preparación para la sesión

Antes de la sesión, se recomienda a los deliberantes revisar los siguientes materiales breves:

$\"\"$

Materiales para la sesión

Entrevista de Sam Altman Síntesis de las lecturas Referencias:

Ponencia principal

Deliberación

Basado en la ponencia arriba, os invitamos a responder a estas preguntas de deliberación.

$\"\"$

Preguntas para la deliberación

Estas preguntas se utilizaron para guiar la deliberación de los participantes en el foro Mejores Empresas, Mejor Democracia. Le invitamos a responder a las preguntas en la sección de comentarios, con

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